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961.
中国表层水体沉积物中多环芳烃源解析及评价 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用索氏提取气相色谱-质谱法测定中国6个重点水体表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃的含量。各化合物含量范围分别为长江6.20~163 ng/g、淮河7.90~249 ng/g、海河12.1~401 ng/g、松花江5.75~152 ng/g、太湖29.1~2 810 ng/g和滇池19.1~795ng/g;16种多环芳烃的总量分别为:长江1 147 ng/g、淮河1 723 ng/g、海河2 595 ng/g、松花江793 ng/g、太湖12472 ng/g、滇池3 714 ng/g,属中等污染水平。利用特征分子比值法分析结果表明6条水体表层沉积物中PAHs均可能以燃料(包括柴油、汽油、煤、木材)燃烧以及焦化污染为主。淮河和滇池还可能存在轻微石油泄漏污染。利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)和沉积物质量标准法分别对6条水体表层沉积物中多环芳烃的风险评估表明严重的多环芳烃生态风险在这些水体表层沉积物中不存在,但长江、淮河、松花江、海河均可能存在一定的潜在风险,负面生物毒性效应会偶尔发生,风险主要来源于荧蒽和菲。太湖和滇池水体中存在的潜在多环芳烃风险种类较多,风险主要来源于菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、苊和蒽,对水生生物毒性效应较高,有必要进行更深入细致的调查研究高风险区域底栖生物的受损状况、污染来源和途径,以制定合理的污染控制对策。 相似文献
962.
Sanders CJ Smoak JM Cable PH Patchineelam SR Sanders LM 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(12):1122-1125
Total 210Pb and 7Be fallout rates were measured on the coastal region of Niteroi, Brazil. The monthly depositional flux of 210Pb and 7Be varied by a factor of 26, from 1.7 to 43.3 mBq cm−2 year−1 and ∼27, from 7.5 to 203.5 mBq cm−2 year−1, respectively. The relatively large oscillations in the depositional flux of 210Pb at this study site were likely due to variations in air mass sources, while the 7Be fluctuations may be driven by a combination of weather conditions. Local geology could support the periodic high fluxes of 210Pb from continental air masses, as shifting oceanic wind sources were affirmed by the uncorrelated 210Pb and 7Be fallout activities and 7Be/210Pb ratios. The 210Pb atmospheric deposition was found to be in agreement with local sediment inventories, an important consideration in geochemical studies that estimate sedimentation processes. 相似文献
963.
964.
965.
Handong Yang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(7):2504-2510
A 5.3 m sediment core and soil samples were taken from Diss Mere and its catchment. The sediment core was dated and Hg analysed on the sediment and soil samples. The Hg record of the sediment core shows that Diss Mere has been contaminated for the past thousand years and the historical trends in sediment contamination are in good agreement with the development of the weaving industry in Diss and hemp cultivation in the region. Mercury contamination in Diss Mere has been significant and reached a peak in the mid-19th century with sediment Hg concentrations over 50 μg g−1. Elevated Hg concentrations were also found in contemporary soils in residential areas with former industrial land use. Although local hemp cultivation and the traditional weaving industry were abandoned a hundred years ago, Hg contamination caused by these activities still exists in the catchment, and affects the lake. 相似文献
966.
Inconsistency and comprehensiveness of risk assessments for heavy metals in urban surface sediments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Numerous indices have been developed to assess environmental risk of heavy metals in surface sediments, including the total content based geoaccumulation index (Igeo), exchangeable fraction based risk assessment code (RAC), and biological toxicity test based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). In this study, the three indices were applied to freshwater surface sediments from 10 sections along an urbanization gradient of the Grand Canal, China to assess the environmental risks of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr) and to understand discrepancies of risk assessment indices and urbanization effects regarding heavy metal contamination. Results showed that Cd, Zn, and Pb were the most enriched metals in urban sections assessed by Igeo and over 95% of the samples exceeded the Zn and Pb thresholds of the effect range low (ERL) of SQGs. According to RAC, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr had high risks of adversely affecting the water quality of the Grand Canal due to their remarkable portions of exchangeable fraction in surface sediment. However, Pb showed a relative low risk, and was largely bounded to Fe/Mn oxides in the urban surface sediments. Obviously, the three assessment indices were not consistent with each other in terms of predicting environmental risks attributed to heavy metals in the freshwater surface sediments of this study. It is recommended that risk assessment by SQGs should be revised according to availability and site specificity. However, the combination of the three indices gave us a comprehensive understanding of heavy metal risks in the urban surface sediments of the Grand Canal. 相似文献
967.
Serkan Kükrer 《Environmental Forensics》2018,19(2):122-133
Surface and core sediment samples were collected from Lake Ayg?r, Turkey, to determine heavy metal distribution, probable sources and potential ecological and toxic risks for the lake. Heavy metals, total sulfur, total phosphate, total organic carbon, chlorophyll degradation products, and CaCO3 content were established. The enrichment factor, PLI, potential ecological risk index, and toxic risk index were calculated. Zn was determined to have the highest accumulation in surface sediment, followed by Cr, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Cd was the only element that exceeded the critical value of 40 and posed a moderate potential ecological risk. According to TRI, no ecotoxic risk was found. It is thought that local fossil fuel consumption is responsible for the accumulation of heavy metals since there is a lack of urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities around the lake. 相似文献
968.
R.B. Brennan J.T. Scott A.N. Sharpley H.T. Lally H.P. Jarvie M.J. Bowes B.E. Haggard E. Gbur 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(4):809-821
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient in freshwater systems and when present in runoff from agricultural lands or urban centers may contribute to excessive periphyton growth. In this study, we examined the link between soil erosion and delivery of eroded soil to streams during flow events, and the impact of that freshly deposited soil on dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations and periphyton growth under baseflow conditions when the risk of stream eutrophication is greatest. A microcosm experiment was designed to simulate the release of P from soil which had been amended with different amounts of P fertilizer to overlying water during baseflow conditions. Unglazed tiles, inoculated for five days in a second order stream, were incubated for seven days in microcosms containing soil with eight levels of soil Mehlich‐3 plant available phosphorus (M3P) ranging from 20 to 679 mg/kg M3P. Microcosm DRP was monitored. Following incubation tiles were scraped and the periphyton analyzed for chlorophyll a. Microcosm DRP concentrations increased with increasing soil M3P and equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC0). Relationships between M3P, EPC0, and DRP were nonlinear and increases in soil M3P and/or DRP had a greater impact on biomass accumulation when these parameters were above threshold values of 30 mg/kg M3P and 0.125 mg/L DRP. Significantly, this ecological threshold corresponds to the agronomic thresholds above which increased soil M3P does not increase plant response. 相似文献
969.
Andy W. Turner Jeff J. Hillis Charles F. Rabeni 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(2):366-378
Turner, Andy W., Jeff J. Hillis, and Charles F. Rabeni, 2012. A Sampler for Measuring Deposited Fine Sediments in Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 366‐378. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00618.x Abstract: Improvements and standardization of methodologies to quickly and accurately quantify deposited sediment in streams will allow advances in our understanding of biological effects of sedimentation. Most methods used to evaluate streambed conditions as part of biological monitoring or assessment programs are selected for ease of use, but can be subjective, inappropriate, and often of unknown accuracy. We developed a portable, light‐weight device to quantify deposited unconsolidated sediment (particles <2 mm) in wadeable streams. This deposited sediment sampler is a hand‐held unit that circumscribes an area of the streambed and through suction creates a force that suspends unconsolidated materials into a collector. Laboratory evaluations determined the efficiency (percent of available deposited sediment recovered) of the sampler to collect different sizes and concentrations of deposited sediment under differing streambed conditions, which allowed appropriate correction factors to be applied to each of four categories of streambed particle size. Field trials comparing our sampler to other methods commonly used by many state and federal agencies showed high comparability. The sampler can be constructed in just a few hours from inexpensive, easily obtained materials. 相似文献
970.
几种典型红壤模拟降雨条件下的泥沙特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
泥沙是土壤侵蚀过程的产物,直接反映了土壤的侵蚀特征。本文利用人工模拟降雨,研究了南方几种典型母质发育红壤侵蚀泥沙的颗粒分布特征、不同粒级中胶结物质的种类和含量。研究结果表明,径流优先选择携带0.002~0.02 mm颗粒,该级别颗粒占泥沙总量的26.68%~60.33%。粘粒含量高的第四纪粘土红壤,泥沙中粗颗粒含量较高,且多为较稳定的团聚体;沙粒和粉粒含量较高的页岩红壤和花岗岩红壤侵蚀泥沙中单粒含量较高,且泥沙分散后粉粒和粘粒的含量高于原土壤。花岗岩红壤侵蚀泥沙中Fe_d,Al_d,Al_o和Si_o含量随泥沙粒径的增大而降低,而泥质页岩红壤和第四纪粘土红壤中,Fe_d,Al_d,Al_o含量随粒径增大而增加,因此其粗粒径泥沙具有较强的稳定性。侵蚀泥沙对有机质有富集作用,泥质页岩红壤和第四纪粘土红壤的粗颗粒对有机质的富集作用强于细颗粒。 相似文献